1.To see how to make Crystal Blanks (1) Cutting A multi blade band saw is used to cut the crystal blanks from quartz bars in a precisely controlleddirection with respect to the crystal graphics axes. (2) Lapping After sawing, the blanks are lapped on both major surfaces in order to achieve uniform thickness. The frequency of the AT cut blanks is dependent on the thickness, so the blanks are lapped to within an accuracy of 0.1μm. (3) Angle inspection To guarantee the temperature coefficient of frequency, the crystal blanks are checked to within an accuracy of a few second by means of X-ray diffraction. (4) Rounding or Squaring The blanks are rounded or squared to within accuracy of a few μm to avoid the combination of Extensional mode and face shear mode.) (5) Etching Etching is used to remove the processed layer left on the surface as a result of lapping. 2. To see how to make Crystal devices. (1) Crystal Blank (2) Etching Etching is used to remove the processed layer left on the surface as a result of lapping. (3) Cleaning & Drying The crystal blank, after being cut and ground with grinding material, has distortions with small cracks and stains on the surface, which together is called the affected layer. In order to remove such distortion and stain, chemicals are used to smooth out and clean up the surface of the crystal. (4) Base Plating A process of applying coatings of metal layers on the surface of crystal wafers. There are two main methods: vacuum deposition and sputtering. The vacuum deposition melts metals in the chambers under a vacuum state. The sputtering method occurs by bombarding the surface of the sputtering target with gaseous ions. (5) Mounting Crystal blank is stuck to the ceramics package by using a conductive adhesive agent. Here you begin to see something like a crystal resonator. After ensuring that it is firmly adhered and can withstand falls and vibrations, frequency is checked up to the level of ppm (×10-6) and sealed with a cap under the atmosphere of vacuum and nitrogen. This allows crystal blanks to be protected against air and dust, thus making crystal resonator more stable over a long period of time. (6) Frequency Adjusting The fine-tuning of the frequency is conducted by the freuquency adjusting machine. (7) Sealing In order to connect the electrode-formed crystal blank to a circuit board, crystal blank is stuck to the ceramics package by using a conduct adhesive agent . Here you begin to see something like a crystal resonator. After ensuring that it is firmly adhered and can withstand falls and vibrations, frequency is checked up to the level of ppm (×10-6) and sealed with a cap under the atmosphere of vacuum and nitrogen. This allows crystal blanks to be protected against air and dust, thus making crystal resonator more stable over a long period of time (8 )Printing Print the laser mark on the surface of the devices. (9) Final inspection A strict final check is conducted as to whether the targeted specifications are fulfilled or not and are only packed when crystal resonators are approved. (10) Delivery It is essential to make crystal resonators precise. After going through these long processes, crystal resonators are ready for customer’s delivery.
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